Discussion on Transportation Fixing Methods for Ultra-Thin UHPC Panels (≤20mm): Challenges and Solutions Research

**How to Determine the Anchorage Depth of Exterior Wall GRC Components: Key Factors and Design Methods**

In the field of building curtain walls and exterior wall decoration, GRC (Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete) is widely used in landmark buildings, commercial complexes, and other scenarios for its lightweight, high-strength, and flexible shaping properties. However, the safety hazard of component detachment has always been a focal point of industry concern, and the scientific design of anchorage depth is the core element in ensuring the stability of GRC systems. As an industry-leading enterprise with 28 years of full-chain experience in UHPC/GRC/GRG/GRP materials, Qinglong Group will systematically analyze the methods for determining the anchorage depth of exterior wall GRC components from three dimensions—material properties, force analysis, and code standards—providing professional solutions for designers and constructors.

**1. The Correlation Between GRC Material Properties and Anchorage Depth**

The anchorage design of GRC components must first consider their essential material characteristics. Compared with traditional concrete, GRC achieves a flexural strength of over 20MPa and a density of only 20-24kN/m³ through the composite of glass fibers and cement matrix, but it also imposes higher requirements on the force transmission of anchorage nodes. During the detailed design stage, Qinglong Group preliminarily determines the baseline anchorage depth based on the component self-weight (typically controlled at 15-20kg/㎡), glass fiber content (generally 4-5%), and forming process (spraying or premixing). For example, for a 100mm-thick exterior wall GRC cladding panel using stainless steel expansion bolts, the anchorage depth typically needs to reach at least 1.5 times the substrate thickness, and in accordance with the Technical Standard for Building Application of Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement (GRC) (JGJ/T423-2018), the anchor must be embedded in the base wall by no less than 50mm.

**2. The Impact of Load Conditions and Environmental Factors on Anchorage Depth**

The final determination of anchorage depth requires comprehensive consideration of dynamic loads and environmental effects. Wind load is the primary force source for exterior wall GRC components. In typhoon-prone areas (such as coastal South China), the design wind pressure can reach 1.5-2.4kPa, in which case the anchorage depth needs to be increased by 20-30% compared with conventional conditions. Qinglong Group uses BIM technology to simulate wind vibration coefficients at different heights (such as super high-rise buildings above 100m), and optimizes anchor point spacing and depth with finite element analysis software in combination with component span and connection method (point-supported or linear anchorage). In addition, thermal deformation and humidity changes must not be overlooked—in northern regions with large temperature differences, the thermal expansion and contraction of GRC components may generate additional stress at anchorage nodes. Therefore, it is necessary to offset the deformation effects by increasing the anchorage depth (recommended to be no less than 80mm) or using adjustable anchors.

**3. Dual Verification by Code Standards and Engineering Practice**

Industry standards provide the basic framework for anchorage depth design, but actual projects require flexible adjustment based on site conditions. As a contributing unit to the revision of the Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement (GRC) Decorative Products standard (JC/T940-2022), Qinglong Group strictly follows the dual control principle of "calculated values + structural measures": on one hand, the anchorage bearing capacity is calculated according to the Code for Design of Concrete Structures (GB50010) to ensure that the pull-out resistance of anchors is no less than the combined force of component self-weight and wind load; on the other hand, when the base wall is made of lightweight materials such as aerated concrete, chemical anchors are used with the anchorage depth extended to over 100mm, or anchorage reliability is enhanced through rebar planting technology. Taking the Dongguan Women and Children's Activity Center project as an example, the Qinglong team innovatively adopted "3D scanning positioning + customized anchors" technology for the double-curved GRC curtain wall, controlling the anchorage depth error within ±2mm, and ultimately won the Silver Award of the AALBORG WHITE Cup GRC Building Engineering Innovation Award.

**Conclusion**

The anchorage depth design of exterior wall GRC components is a comprehensive embodiment of materials science, structural mechanics, and engineering experience. With 28 years of full-chain service experience, Qinglong Group has always taken "safety redundancy" and "precision and efficiency" as its design core—through parametric modeling in the detailed design stage, material performance testing during production, and 3D positioning calibration during construction, it has built a closed-loop system from theoretical calculation to on-site verification. For designers and owners, choosing a GRC manufacturer with R&D strength and engineering track record (such as Qinglong Group) not only provides professional anchorage solutions, but also draws on the industry standards it helped develop and its patented technologies (backed by 58 patents) to ensure full life-cycle safety of the project from design to maintenance. In the field of new building decoration materials, only by combining technical rigor with practical innovation can the mission of "creating beautiful architecture" truly be fulfilled.